在职联考MPA英语语法难点精讲

(5)as, 或者whether…or…谓语多用be的原形，引导让步虚拟从句，这种用法通常采用倒装结构：

Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, be they Christian, Islamivc, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on.

The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.

(6)由连接词in case, so that ,unless, lest ,for fear that引起的状语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟形式，即should(might, would)+动词原形，例如：

She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold. 她在那个婴儿身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。

The bad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.

(7) if it were not for…与现在事实相反， if it had not been for与过去事实相反，两个都相当于but for：

If it had not been for his help(=but for his help),we would not have succeeded.

(8) 虚拟语气用于as if（though）引起的方式状语从句和表语从句中，其动词形式与wish宾语从句的形式相同。例如：She often laughs spontaneously, and her good humor breaks out as brightly as if it were a part of the sunshine above.她常常发出发自内心的微笑，而且她那美好的情绪像天上一道明亮的阳光一样，常常流露出来。

They talked as if they had been friends for years.他们交谈着，就好像他们是我年的老朋友一样。

She looks as if she would cry.她看起来好像要哭了。

(9)其它各种句型, as though, suppose, had rather, supposing, if only等等

If I were in a movie, then it would be about time that I buried my head in my hands for a cry.
特殊形式的虚拟语气

虚拟语气的特殊形式，即用来表示要求、的建议、的命令、的提议、的意愿等的主语从句、的宾语从句、的表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式，其虚拟语气的构成往往是由should(可省略)+动词原形that从句。

A、的 用于表示意愿、的建议、的命令、的提议、的请求等动词后的that宾语从句中，这类动词有：

ask要求 advise建议 arrange安排 beg请求

command命令 decide决定 demand要求 desire渴望

determine决定 insist坚持 intend打算 maintain坚持主张

move建议，动员 propose提议 object反对 order命令

prefer建议 require 需要 request要求 resolve下决心

recommend推荐 suggest建议 stipulate约定，规定 urge强调，促进

vote公认，提议 decree颁布（法令） pray请求

注意：这类动词后面除了可接that虚拟句以外，也可以接doing或者to do…来表达，一般情况下，意思没有什么差别。

She advised that we should keep the gate locked.（书面体）

She advised us to keep the gate locked.（口语）

She advised keeping the gate locked.(较随便)

B、的用于It is+形容词或过去分词+主语从句中，这类形容词或分词有：

advisable合理的 decided决定的 crucial关键的 appropriate恰当的

(10)动词原形表示虚拟

动词原形直接用在句子中也被看作是一种虚拟，最常见于正式文体中，动词原形一般用在条件从句中，有时倒装置于句首，同时这种用法也常见于独立句中表达愿望。