同等学力申硕必备之名词性从句

2010年同等学力申硕考试于2010年5月30日进行，现在距离考试还有4个月的时间，清华在线的专家辅导老师在此提醒：准备参加2010年同等学力申硕考试的考生一定要在这段时间认真做好有计划的复习，对照大纲和自己的弱势学科有目标地进行相关复习，这样才能在最后的申硕考试当中取得一个不错的成绩。在此清华在线的英语辅导专家老师整理了有关同等学力英语当中有关名词性从句知识，希望对考生有一定的帮助。

2010年同等学力申硕时间：2010年5月30日（星期日）上午9时至11时30分为外国语水平考试时间；下午2时30分至5时30分为学科综合水平考试时间。

连接词

1.从属连词：that, whether, if

2.连接代词：which, what, who, whom, whose, whichever, whatever, whoever,  whomever, whosever

3.连接副词：when, where, why, how

that的省略问题

在引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时都不能省略，引导宾语从句时能省略。

一、主语从句

1.形式主语it

如：That the earth is round is true.

It is true that the earth is round.

一般常出现的结构：

⑴ It is + adj. + that

⑵ It is + n. + that

⑶ It is + p.p. + that

⑷ It is + link v. + that

2. 形式主语与强调句的区别

如：John bought a play toy for his son yesterday.

强调主语：It is John that (who) bought a play toy for his son yesterday.

强调状语：It is yesterday that John bought a play toy for his son.

主语从句：It is a play toy that John bought for his son.

二、表语从句

The reason he is late is that he met an accident.

Reason作主语的表语从句后面连接词只能用that

三、宾语从句

1.形式宾语

如：I consider it true that the sun rises in the east.

It is true that the sun rises in the east.

2. that介宾

in that, except that, save that, besides that, but that(要不是，虚拟)

3.否定转移

如：I don’t think she is a good student.

常见的词有：think, believe, suppose, assume, guess, imagine

四、同位语从句

1.常见的词有news, fact, belief, suggestion, idea

2. 与定语从句的区别

that引导的定语从句和同位语从句的区别

从that的词性来区别：引导定语从句that是关系代词，在从句中必须充当成分，作主语、表语、宾语、状语等。引导同位语从句的that是连词，在句子中不作任何成分，从句是一句完整的话。

如：He told me the news that he had just joined the Party.

同位语从句，that在从句中不作成分

He told me the news that he had just read about in the newspaper.

定语从句，that在从句中作宾语

3.分隔现象

如：A saying goes that practice makes perfect.  俗话说“熟能生巧”。

That后面是a saying的同位语从句，被谓语动词goes所分隔

定语从句 Attributive Clause

定语从句   限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句

一、概述

构成：先行词 + 关系词  关系代词 + 从句

关系副词

如：This is the book that we want.

先行词一定在主句当中，一定在从句前面。

关系代词：that, which, whose, who, whom

what(all that), than, but, as

关系副词：when, where, why, (how)

先行词	主格	宾格	所有格
人	Who	Whom	Whose
物	Which	Which	Of which(whose)
人/物	that	that

二、关系代词

1. 一致性（先行词与从句中的谓语动词的一致性）

⑴ that, which, who引导的定语从句

如：We want a girl who knows English.

We want three girls who know English.

⑵ one of + 复数名词 + 关系词 + 从句的谓语动词（复数）

如：She is one of the few students who have passed the exam.

⑶ the only one of +复数名词+关系词+从句的谓语动词（单数）

如：She is the only one of students who has passed the exam.

2. which与that的区别

⑴ 只用which的情况

a)介宾

如：We have a house which we live in.

We have a house in which we live.

We have a house where we live.

She left the day when we left.   When=on which

The moment when I saw her, I came up to her.  When=at which

b)非限定性定语从句

如：We’ll have a meeting, which is very important.

We live in a house, the door of which is broken.

⑵ 只用that的情况

a)先行词是不定代词

如：All that glitters is not gold.  不定代词作主语，后用单数形式

b) 先行词被不定代词所修饰

如：All the classmates that are my close friends are good students.

c)先行词被最高级所修饰

如：This is the best film I have ever seen.

d)先行词被序数词所修饰

如：It is the first time that I have seen such an interesting film.

e) 先行词被only, very所修饰

如：She is the very student that I like best.

The only thing that I want to do is to go shopping.

f)先行词既有人又有物

如：What about the two kids and the big parcel that you saved from the fire?

⑶ as与which(非限定性定语从句)的区别

as  正如，正像     which=and it/this

as的位置可前、中、后，which不能在前

如：As has been explained, we are innocent.

⑷ whose与of which的区别

whose + n. = the + n. + of which

如：We had a meeting whose purpose was not clear.

We had a meeting, the purpose of which was not clear.

⑸ but引导的定语从句

如：There is no one but wish to make money.

But=which/who/that…not…

只出现在限制性定语从句中，一般是there be句型中

⑹ than引导的定语从句

如：There is more to it than meets to eye.  眼睛看到的并不是全部。

There are more demands than can be satisfied.

a) than主句有比较级

b) than可修饰人，也可修饰物

c) than后引导谓语动词是单数

三、定语从句的分隔现象

They kept it quiet that he was dead.

1．介词短语分隔

如：Only nature-born civilians of the United States who have attained the age of 35 years old and who lived in the United States for 14 years may be elected president.

2．主句主语过长，而主句谓语过远，被谓语分隔

如：In practice, what often happen is that a new theory is devised that is an extension of the previous theory.

最后清华在线的老师希望考生经过这为期4个月的复习，在最后的同等学力申硕考试当中能取得一个满意的成绩。